Determining the Dose of Dietary Probiotic (Bacillus licheniformis) for the Nursing of Blue Swimming Crablets (Portunus pelagicus, L., 1758) (2025)

Selection of probiotics for shrimp and crab hatcheries

2002

A study aimed at obtaining a biological control agent against bacterial diseases, specifically luminescent vibriosis, of hatchery-reared shrimps and crabs was done to find an alternative for chemotherapy as a disease prevention and control method. Bacteria were isolated from crustacean rearing environments where luminescent vibriosis was not observed, from natural food, and from various feed ingredients. From hundreds of purified strains, 80 bacterial isolates were tested in one-on-one mixed cultures in seawater for their ability to suppress the growth of luminescent Vibrio harveyi. Of the 10 isolates exhibiting that capability, two strains were further studied: C1 from Chlorella culture and P9 from a commercial probiotic preparation. However, due to the indigenous nature of C1 strain from the unicellular alga Chlorella sp. and the ease in distinguishing it from other bacteria owing to its colony morphology, most tests were done on C1 strain. To determine the suitability of C1, and to some extent P9, as biocontrol bacteria, their pathogenicity against crab larvae and shrimp postlarvae, and their ability to become associated or incorporated into the larvae were determined. Incorporation into the rotifer, Brachionus, was also tested. Due to positive results obtained in the incorporation experiments, the growth of strain C1 in microbiological media and unrefined media prepared from agricultural by-products was also tested.

Isolation and Screening of Lactic Acid Bacteria from the Gut of Blue Swimming Crab, P. pelagicus, an in vitro Inhibition Assay and Small Scale in vivo Model for Validation of Isolates as Probiotics

Abstract: Blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus has not anchored the roots in aquaculture due to non availability of commercial seed production. Letdown of seed production is owing to microbial infections. To combat with microbes, study was aimed to isolate and screen probiotics from the gut of female crab for larviculture. Based on characteristics of inhibitory activity against pathogenic V. harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus and P. piscicida, bile, acid, salt tolerances and survival in sea water, isolates were identified as L. plantarum, L. salivarius, L. rhamnosus W. confusa and W. cibaria and evaluated for probiotics. A new model small scale in vivo validation was developed for conformity of the isolates as probiotics for P. pelagicus larviculture. The LAB isolates were administrated as water additive at concentrations 102, 104 and 106 cfu mL-1 for one day and five days in vivo validation experiments and positive control was inoculated with same concentrations of V. harveyi while negative control employed with larvae and no inoculation. Highest larval survival achieved at concentration 106 cfu mL-1 and L. plantarum, L. salivarius and L. rhamnosus did show significant larval survival. W. confusa and W. cibaria did not demonstrate as probiotics. L. plantarum showed highest survival 49.45±4.80% and 54.44±6.74% in both inoculations, respectively and no survival was observed in five days+ve control. Water quality degradation was not evident but improvement in pH was noticed. Based on results of small-scale in vivo test three LAB probiotics, L. plantarum, L. salivarius and L. rhamnosus were selected for larviculture of P. pelagicus.

Evaluation of potential applications of dietary probiotic (Bacillus licheniformis SB3086): Effect on growth, digestive enzyme activity, hematological, biochemical, and immune response of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)

Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2021

The present study was designed to evaluate the dietary effect of dietary supplementation of Bacillus licheniformis on growth, hematological and immune parameters of Oreochromis mossambicus fingerlings. A feeding trial of 8 weeks was carried out, in which fish were fed at a rate of 2% body weight with four experimental diets, including a control diet and three supplemented diets such as, 105, 107 and 109 CFUg-1 respectively. At the termination of feeding experiment, growth related parameters, hematological and immune response of fish were evaluated. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly decreased, inferring high efficiency in utilizing feed. In similar groups, hematological parameters such as total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte, total serum protein, blood glucose level and hemoglobin count were significantly increased (P<0.05), with higher probiotic concentration. Similarly, digestive enzyme activity of protease, lipase and amylase was also higher in fish fed with inc...

Growth Promoting Potential and Colonization Ability of Probiotics (Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus subtilis) on the Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii Post-Larvae

Insights in Biology and Medicine

The probiotic effects of Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus subtilis were studied on survival, growth, concentrations of basic biochemical constituents, activities of digestive enzymes, and their colony establishments in the gut of Macrobrachium rosenbergii post-larvae (PL). Eleven groups of PL (2.03±0.05 in length and 0.18±0.01g in weight), each consists of 35 individuals maintained in 25 L of ground water and fed ad libitum with fi ve serially diluted concentrations, 10-1 , 10-3 , 10-5 , 10-7 and 10-9 of B. coagulans, and B. subtilis incorporated diets containing 40% protein, for 45 days. Diet without incorporation of any of these probiotics was served as control. These probiotics were found to be alive in the respective feed even on day-15 after their formulations. Signifi cant improvement in survival, nutritional indices (weight gain, specifi c growth rate, food conversion ratio and protein effi ciency ratio), contents of basic biochemical constituents (total protein, amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid) and activities of digestive enzymes (protease, amylase and lipase) were observed (P<0.05), particularly in 10-7 concentration of B. coagulans, and B. subtilis incorporated diets fed PL when compared with control. The biochemical confi rmation tests revealed that presence of Escherichia coli, Acetonobacter sp., Salmonella sp., and Pseudomonas sp., in the gut of control PL. In the gut of PL fed with B. coagulans incorporated diet, Acetonobacter sp., Salmonella sp., and Pseudomonas sp., were found to be competitively excluded, whereas, in the gut of PL fed with B. subtilis incorporated diet, Acetonobacter sp., and Salmonella sp., only were found to be excluded competitively. Actually, colonies of Bacillus sp., and Lactobacillus sp., were found to be establishment in the gut of PL fed with B. coagulans, and B. subtilis incorporated diets. Overall, these probiotics incorporated diets produced better growth and survival due to better FCR and activities of digestive enzymes, which in turn led to better nutritional profi le. Therefore they are recommended as feed additives for sustainable culture of M. rosenbergii.

Probiotic ( Bacillus coagulans ) Cells in the Diet Benefit the White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Journal of Shellfish Research, 2012

We evaluated the effects of the dead probiotic Bacillus coagulans as a diet additive on growth performance, survival rate, digestive enzymes, and meat quality of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Two treatment groups (T-1 and T-2) and a control group, each with 3 replicates, were established. The shrimp in the control were fed a basal diet, and those in T-1 and T-2 were fed with a basal diet containing viable and dead probiotic cells, respectively. After 50 days of culture, the addition of the probiotic resulted in greater (P < 0.05) final weight and daily weight gain, and survival rate. As for growth performance, the highest values (P < 0.05) were observed in T-1. Higher activities (P < 0.05) of protease, amylase, and lipase were also found in T-1 compared with T-2 and the control. No significant differences appeared in the muscle compositions of moisture, crude protein, and ash. However, the group that received viable probiotic showed greater (P < 0.05) muscle crude fat composition than that seen in the control group. In addition, greater (P < 0.05) inosinic acid content was observed in T-1. Our results showed that the dietary supplementation of both viable and dead probiotic, especially viable, can improve growth and survival rates of white shrimp.

The use and selection of probiotic bacteria for use in the culture of larval aquatic organisms

Aquaculture, 2000

Research in probiotics for aquaculture is at an early stage of development and much work is still needed. The principal bacterial groups tested as probionts in the culture of shrimp, crab, oyster and fish have been Vibrio, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and several lactobacilli. The available information is inconclusive, since few experiments with sufficiently robust design have been conducted to permit critical evaluation. Experiments have mainly been conducted with fish larvae, where significant reductions in mortality have been obtained. Most of the work reviewed in this article describes commercial hatchery experiments rather than rigorous laboratory investigations and the focus is principally shrimp larviculture. q

The effect of Bacillus spp. bacteria used as probiotics on digestive enzyme activity, survival and growth in the Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus

Aquaculture, 2006

This study examined the effects of a commercial Bacillus probiotic on the digestive enzyme activity, survival and growth of Fenneropenaeus indicus at various ontogenetic stages in three separate experiments: (1) Nauplius 1-2 to Zoea 3 , which were exposed to probiotic added directly to the water; (2) Mysis 1 to PL 14 in tanks, which were exposed to the probiotic either through adding it directly to the water or by feeding shrimp with probiotic-enriched Artemia; (3) postlarval shrimp reared in earthen ponds during the farming stages (PL 30 to PL 120 ), which were exposed to probiotic added to the water. The counts of Bacillus bacteria in the digestive tract in all treatments were significantly ( P b 0.05) higher than in controls (no Bacillus bacteria were detected in any controls), although total bacterial counts were not significantly different among treatments and controls. Colonization rates of shrimp digestive tracts by Bacillus bacteria were very low in all treatments in earthen ponds. In most treatments, the specific activities of amylase, total protease, and lipase were significantly higher ( P b 0.05) in shrimp to which probiotic had been administered, and shrimp that had received probiotic exhibited significant ( P b 0.05) increases in both survival (11-17% higher) and wet weight (8-22% higher) as compared to controls. Shrimp fed probiotic-enriched Artemia had significantly ( P b 0.05) higher Bacillus counts than did shrimp administered probiotic in the water, but growth and survival were not significantly different between the two modes of administration. Where probiotic was administered during both the hatchery stages (Nauplius 1-2 through PL 30 ) and the farming stages, the feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, and final production were slightly, but significantly ( P b 0.05), higher in shrimp receiving the probiotic than in control shrimp which had received no probiotic. Because these improvements in growth parameters in postlarval shrimp were significant only in shrimp 0044-8486/$ -see front matter D 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. Aquaculture xx (2005) xxx -xxx www.elsevier.com/locate/aqua-online AQUA-626645; No of Pages 9 DTD 5

The effect of< i> Bacillus</i> spp. bacteria used as probiotics on digestive enzyme activity, survival and growth in the Indian white shrimp< i> Fenneropenaeus indicus …

Aquaculture, 2006

This study examined the effects of a commercial Bacillus probiotic on the digestive enzyme activity, survival and growth of Fenneropenaeus indicus at various ontogenetic stages in three separate experiments: (1) Nauplius 1-2 to Zoea 3 , which were exposed to probiotic added directly to the water; (2) Mysis 1 to PL 14 in tanks, which were exposed to the probiotic either through adding it directly to the water or by feeding shrimp with probiotic-enriched Artemia; (3) postlarval shrimp reared in earthen ponds during the farming stages (PL 30 to PL 120 ), which were exposed to probiotic added to the water. The counts of Bacillus bacteria in the digestive tract in all treatments were significantly ( P b 0.05) higher than in controls (no Bacillus bacteria were detected in any controls), although total bacterial counts were not significantly different among treatments and controls. Colonization rates of shrimp digestive tracts by Bacillus bacteria were very low in all treatments in earthen ponds. In most treatments, the specific activities of amylase, total protease, and lipase were significantly higher ( P b 0.05) in shrimp to which probiotic had been administered, and shrimp that had received probiotic exhibited significant ( P b 0.05) increases in both survival (11-17% higher) and wet weight (8-22% higher) as compared to controls. Shrimp fed probiotic-enriched Artemia had significantly ( P b 0.05) higher Bacillus counts than did shrimp administered probiotic in the water, but growth and survival were not significantly different between the two modes of administration. Where probiotic was administered during both the hatchery stages (Nauplius 1-2 through PL 30 ) and the farming stages, the feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, and final production were slightly, but significantly ( P b 0.05), higher in shrimp receiving the probiotic than in control shrimp which had received no probiotic. Because these improvements in growth parameters in postlarval shrimp were significant only in shrimp 0044-8486/$ -see front matter D 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. Aquaculture xx (2005) xxx -xxx www.elsevier.com/locate/aqua-online AQUA-626645; No of Pages 9 DTD 5

Effects of a commercial probiotic BS containing Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis on growth, immune response and disease resistance in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

Fish & shellfish immunology, 2018

The present study evaluated a commercial probiotic designated as BS (a mix of B. subtilis and B. licheniformis) to ascertain its efficacy and the dose necessary to improve growth, immune response, and disease resistance in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Fish (53.01 ± 1.0 g) were fed with a basal diet supplemented with 0 gkg (CT), 3 gkg (BS3), 5 gkg-1 (BS5) 7 gkg-1 (BS7) and 10 gkg-1 (BS10) of the probiotic BS for 4 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, the weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ration were enhanced in all probiotic BS enriched groups but with better (P &lt; 0.05) improvement in the BS10 group. The lysozyme, protease, anti-protease, superoxide dismutase activities, and immunoglobulin M level were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) highest in the BS10 group in both serum and skin mucus. Enhanced (P &gt; 0.05) catalse activity in all treated groups in the serum and myeloperoxidase activity in the B10 group in both serum and skin mucus were observed. The exp...

Effects of Probiotic (Bacillus sp.) Supplementation during Larval Development of Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata, L.)

Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2013

In this study, the effects of administration of commercial probiotic, Bacillus sp., were examined on growth parameters and digestive proteases (alkaline and acid proteases) activities in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, during larval development until on day 40. Probiotics were supplementedin triplicate from on day 3 coinciding with starting of exogenous feeding. In the experimental group, probiotic was introduced to rotifer and tank water until 20 days after hatching. Also, control group did not receive probiotic. In experimental group, the specific activities of alkaline protease was significantly higher (p 0.05). Additionally, no significant differences were found in both survival (8.5% higher) and specific growth rate (0.7% higher) larvae of S. aurata that had probiotic supplemented by rotifer with water as compared to controls (P&gt;0.05). Consequently, specific activities of alkaline and acid protease could be significantly increased by the administration of Bacillus sp. to ...

Effects of Probiotics on Survival, Growth and Biochemical Characteristics of Freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii Post Larvae

The present study was attempted to examine the combined effects of probiotics, Lactobacillus sporogenes (LS), Bacillus subtilis (BS) and yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) on survival, growth, biochemical changes and energy utilization performance of the freshwater prawn M. rosenbergii post larvae. The probiotics, L. sporogenes (4), B. subtilis (3) and S. cerevisiae (4) were taken and mixed. 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% of LS+BS+SC (4+3+4) was incorporated with basal diet. Diet without probiotics served as control. PL-30 of M. rosenbergii was fed with LS+BS+SC (4+3+4) incorporated diet for a period of 90 days. The growth parameters, such as survival, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion efficiency and protein efficiency rate were significantly (P<0.05) higher in 3% LS+BS+SC incorporated diet fed post larvae (PL) followed by other experimental groups when compared with control. Whereas, the feed conversion ratio was significantly (P<0.05) lower in 3% LS+BS+SC incorporated diet fed PL. Similarly the tissues biochemical composition such as protein, amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid content were significantly (P<0.05) higher in 3% LS+BS+SC incorporated diet fed PL. However, insignificant difference was recorded in moisture content between control and experimental groups. The energy utilization parameters, such as feeding rate, absorption rate, conversion rate, NH 3 excretory rate and metabolic rate were significantly (P<0.05) higher in 3% LS+BS+SC incorporated diet fed PL. Therefore, the probiotics 3% LS+BS+SC incorporated diet fed PL was produced better growth performance.

Evaluation of different probiotic strains for growth performance and immunomodulation in Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931

Indian Journal of Fisheries, 2017

The use of antibiotics in aquaculture can prevent certain diseases, however, its use is highly restricted due to several environmental and human health problems like development of antibacterial resistance. Probiotics are widely used for improving production of aquatic animals by means of improving water quality as well as by nutritional and immune modulation in animals thus, helping in preventing diseases. The present study was aimed to evaluate different strains of probiotics viz., a commercial probiotic, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus sp., Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces boulardii on the growth, microbial load and immunomodulatory performance of the Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei. Seven probiotic feeds each containing 5 x 109 CFU ml-1 of respective probiotics kg-1 of feed were prepared by top coating on apellet feed containing 35% protein and duration of the experiment was 75 days. All of the 6 selected strains of ...

Review of probiotics for use in bivalve hatcheries

Veterinary Microbiology, 2010

The aquaculture of bivalve molluscs has attained a considerable level of production but it is not enough to cover the demand of worldwide consumers. In the development of this sector, hatcheries play an important role, as suppliers of competent spat of different bivalves, including species with an aquaculture based on natural extraction present.

EFFECTS OF PROBIOTIC BACILLUS SPECIES IN AQUACULTURE – AN OVERVIEW

Annals of the University Dunarea de Jos of Galati

The ingestion of a large amount of certain types of beneficial bacteria can reduce the multiplication and development of pathogenic bacteria in the gut. A "probiotic" is a product that contains live microorganisms which positively influence the host intestinal microbiota by preventing the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria and promoting the growth and development of beneficial bacteria. Bacillus spp. are Gram-positive endospore-forming bacteria with beneficial effects in aquaculture industry. The dietary supplementation of Bacillus spp. in fish culture improved especially growth performance, immune response and the disease resistance of fish against pathogenic bacterial infections. The objective of the current paper is to review the recent published investigations reported in the scientific literature on the use of probiotic Bacillus spp. in aquaculture, focusing on their beneficial effects on the host. This review includes the main effects of Bacillus spp. administration in shrimp culture, carp culture, tilapia culture, and other fish culture.

IMPACT OF COMMERCIAL AND ISOLATED Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PROBIOTIC BACTERIA AND / OR OVERCROWDING ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND IMMUNE STATUS OF Oreochromis niloticus

Journal of Productivity and Development, 2019

A total number of two hundreds and seventy apparent healthy Oreochromis. niloticus (30.0±2.0 g) was used to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with probiotic bacteria (commercial and isolated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) at a level of 0.1x10 10 g/ kg diet and/or overcrowding stress on fish growth performance, immune status and economic efficiency. Fish were divided into three groups. The first group (G1) was fed on basal diet (D1) without probiotic supplementation. The second group (G2) was fed on basal diet supplemented with commercial probiotic (D2). The third group (G3) was fed on basal diet supplemented with isolated probiotic (D3). Each group was subdivided into two subgroups, subgroup A was maintained at density of 10 fish/ aquaria (considered as optimum density), and subgroup B was maintained at density of 20 fish/aquaria (considered as high density). The obtained results showed that the difference in initial and final body weight (IBW & FBW), total body weight gain (TWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and specific growth rate percentage SGR(%) values of Nile tilapia fed non supplemented or supplemented with probiotic (commercial and isolated) were not significant. Total feed intake (TFI) and survivability values were decreased significantly (P<0.01) when Nile tilapia was fed diet supplemented with probiotic bacteria (Bacillus diet supplemented with probiotic and stocking density at 10 fish /aquarium. On the other hand, the lowest values of FBW and TWG values were observed when Nile tilapia was fed diet non-supplemented with probiotics sources and 20 fish / aquarium. Conclusively, from the previous results, it could be concluded that diet supplemented with isolated probiotic and stocking density 10 fish /aquarium was the best values in growth performance, immunity and economical efficiency of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

Effect of probiotics on growth and survival of post larvae of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de man)

The trend of using probiotics in aquaculture is increasing due to research results indicating their ability to increase production and prevent disease in farm animals. The development of suitable probiotics for bio-control in aquaculture would result in less reliance on chemicals and antibiotics and result in a better environment. The production of high quality larvae in scampi is very difficult, since the disease out breaks are the major constraints in scampi hatcheries. Controlling diseases through antibiotics has been widely criticized for their negative impacts, so alternate methods needed to be developed to produce high quality scampi larvae. Application of water probiotics, soil probiotics and reduction of salinity are the methods gaining importance in controlling pathogen in scampi larvae. The larval rearing tanks are divided into four chambers for our convenience. The probiotics treated tanks are considered as experimental and without probiotics treated are considered as control. The water probiotics namely C.P (Super Biotic) and Biodream (Probiotic contains Bacillus sp. and Streptococcus sp.) was added in the experimental tanks alone @ 5ppm each @ 5- 10 ppm from Zoea stage-II onwards and probiotics Zymatin @ 5ppm was added after the appearance of post larval stage in experimental tanks. In addition to probiotics 0.05 ppm of Treflan was also added both experimental and control tanks to prevent the fungal disease. Water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, NH3 and H2S were found better in trials with probiotics. In this experiment, the survival rate of the nauplii of both control and experimental tanks were more or less same. The survival rate of Zoea reared in the experimental tanks was higher (84%) than that of control tanks (62%). The survival rate of all the post larval stages (PL 1- PL-10) was higher in experimental tanks than that of control tanks. Water quality parameters are also influenced by the addition of probiotics, in this experiment the dissolved oxygen was higher in experimental (6.10 ppm) and lower in control tank (5.50 ppm). The alkalinity (120 ppm) in both control and experimental tank is more or less similar. The Ammonia was higher in control tanks (0.15 ppm) compared experimental tanks (0.12 ppm).

Response of berried prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) to commercial probiotics

Aquaculture Research, 2017

The Effect of Encapsulated Probiotic to Performance of Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931)

Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research

Feed is a very important factor in vannamei shrimp culture. The initial stage of stocking is the cultivation stage requiring a higher percentage of feed. The application of probiotics in intensive shrimp culture is known to have a significant effect on the survival of vannamei shrimp. Encapsulation can increase the viability of probiotic bacteria compared to free cells without encapsulation. Research has been carried out on the provision of encapsulated probiotic consortia in vannamei shrimp culture. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of the selected probiotic consortium on the performance of vannamei shrimp. The research method used is the experimental method and the data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The observed parameters in this study were specific growth rate, survival rate and feed conversion ratio. The results showed that the fifth consortium of Bacillus and Lactobacillus bacteria could increase the growth rate of weight and length of vannamei shrimp...

The effect of commercial probiotics on health and production of shrimp (Penaeus monodon

2017

The study was carried out to explore the impact of probiotics on shrimp (Penaeus monodon) in the Shrimp Research Station ponds during the culture period of 90 days. The experiment was set in 9 on-station ponds having an area of 0.052―0.064 ha. Three treatments of the experiment were: super Ps probiotics broadcast all over the ponds mixed with clay (T 1), probiotics broadca Zymetin st over the pond mixed with feed (T 2) and control (without probiotics) the ponds (T 3) and each treatments having 3 replicates. All Juvenile of shrimp were stocked at a density of 6.0 juv/m 2 and was fed with quality feed (gold plus-grower) twice daily at the rate of 10.3% of shrimp biomass. Water quality parameters namely temperature, water depth, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, ammonia, nitrate, total alkalinity and transparency were within suitable range for shrimp growth without finding any stress. Growth of shrimp was measured and feed was adjusted after every fortnight. The average weight of shrimp in T 1 , T 2 and T 3 was 22.065 ±5.52, 19.87 ±4.98 and 11.01 ±0.86g, respectively. Higher growth was obtained from T 1 followed by T 2 and T 3. Day after 90 of husbandry, all shrimp were harvested. The survivality rate of shrimp production was reckoned 80%. The production of shrimp was found 760 kg/ha in T 1 , 665 kg/ha in T 2 and 205.19 kg/ha. in T 3. So the highest production was found using super PS (T 1). Food conversion ratio (FCR) of prawn was found higher (2.48) in T 3 compared to T 1 (1.83) and T 2 (2.01). The result of the study is therefore revealed that probiotics paly a most important role in growth, survival and production of shrimp by maintaining good water quality environment throughout the culture period. It may be therefore concluded that probiotics can be utilized well the shrimp ponds to get higher growth and production keeping the congenial environment.

Evaluation of Potential Probiotics Bacillus subtilis WB60, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Lactococcus lactis on Growth Performance, Immune Response, Gut Histology and Immune-Related Genes in Whiteleg Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

Microorganisms, 2020

An eight-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of different dietary probiotic supplements in juvenile whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. A basal control diet without probiotics (CON), and five other diets by supplementing Bacillus subtilis at 107 CFU/g diet (BS7), B. subtilis (BS8), Pediococcus pentosaceus (PP8), and Lactococcus lactis (LL8) at 108 CFU/g diet, and oxytetracycline (OTC) at 4 g/kg diet were used. Whiteleg shrimp with initial body weights of 1.41 ± 0.05 g (mean ± SD) were fed with these diets. Growth of shrimp fed BS8 and LL8 diets was significantly higher than those of shrimp fed the CON diet (p &lt; 0.05). Superoxide dismutase activity in shrimp fed PP8 and LL8 diets was significantly higher than that of shrimp fed the CON diet (p &lt; 0.05). Lysozyme activity of shrimp fed probiotics and OTC diets significantly improved compared to those on the CON diet (p &lt; 0.05). The intestinal histology showed healthier guts for shrimp fed the probiotic ...